Plan Colombia

This is the unit 2 action project for my Policy Class. Unit 2 was titled Execute and focused on purpose and powers of America's Executive branch and how those powers have been executed throughout our history. Students evaluated what the executive branch is and how it functions. The class learned how and who makes our policies. An important aspect of the unit was evaluating if a policy is right or wrong. For the units AP students were asked to select a war the US was involved in and determine if it was just or unjust. I really enjoyed this entire unit and especially the action project. I thought it asked us to show mastery of many of the important aspects of the unit and I loved being able to select a topic and dive deep into it! 

Aerial Spraying, 2016, TheGuardian.com

The War on Drugs is an ongoing international campaign initiated by the United States that uses military aid and intervention, as well as drug prohibition to attempt to reduce the drug trade. This war is rooted in a set of policies that aim to combat the production, distribution, and consumption of illicit drugs. On June 18th, 1971, President Nixon declared that drugs were “public enemy number one” and a war against an opponent with no agenda began. The war on drugs is an umbrella term for a variety of United States foreign policy and covert military activities that took place in the United States as well as South and Central America beginning in the 70’s and continuing on today. The United States rationale for engaging in the War on Drugs arises from their inflated ego which feels it's required to police the world in order to protect American democracy and values. America felt obligated to intervene due to their desire to control the conflict and eventually destroy it. One such US operation, known as Plan Colombia, provided billions of dollars in military aid, training, as well as equipment to the Colombian government to battle insurgent groups and drug cartels. Plan Colombia was unjust because it was a costly plan which employed techniques that had previously been implemented in the war but failed tremendously.

The plan was originally created between 1998 and 1999 by Colombian President Pastrana and US President Bill Clinton with the goals of ending the Colombian armed conflict and drug trade. Prior to Plan Colombia, President Clinton had been actively battling the War on Drugs. In 1993 Clinton raised the Office of National Drug Control Policy, which was implemented in 1989 under President Bush, to cabinet-level status. Plan Colombia was in essence a plan for Colombia's peace and was originally presented to President Clinton in a moral context. President Pastrana requested an increase in US aid for counter attacking illicit drugs, creating sustainable economic development, securing human rights, and establishing humanitarian aid. President Pastrana understood the importance of the US and their money and outlined an official document which would sufficiently address US concerns. Clinton and his administration’s input into the plan was significant and focused primarily on achieving peace and ending violence through the destruction of the Colombian drug industry. Clinton and his administration involved the US in this sector of the war because they felt it was necessary for national security. The near-collapse of Colombian democratic governance which which was a product of the armed conflict and drug trade captivated the attention of US policy makers. Congress supported Clinton’s actions in regards to the plan. US drug czar General Barry Mccaffrey declared that Columbia was in a state of emergency regardless of the fact that neither of the Colombian insurgent groups posed any threat to US security. The plan was sold to policy makers and the US public as a necessary component of the ongoing war on drugs.

Plan Colombia was widely criticized due to the claim that the Colombian Forces were involved in supporting the right wing parliamentary forces. Another controversial component of the plan was the aerial sprays intended to eradicate the coca crop. The US had previosuly attempted aerial eradication on Mexican weed crops as well as Colombian coca crop, both costed tremendous amounts of money and resources and failed miserably. The aerial sprays apart of plan Colombia not only failed to complete their intended mission but damaged legal crops and created adverse health effects. The aerial spraying of illicit crops was unsuccessful in reducing the supply and had negative social and environmental impacts. The attempted eradication failed partly due to the balloon effect, which meant when one cultivation area was sprayed, another would pop up and continue on. Colombia has remained the world’s largest producer of coca throughout the years regardless of the many attempts to halt or slow down production. The sprays were completely contradictory to many of the plans main intentions in relation to human rights and humanitarian aid. Thousands of civilians were displaced and had their income and food supply threatened. The failed attempts have left a ripple effect which is still felt socially and environmentally today. Congress was unable to see their plan failing and in 1999 tried to employ a mycoherbicide called Fusarium Oxysporum which had been questioned by environmentalists and then finally opposed by the Colombian Government.

Plan Colombia was completely unjust due to its effect on American taxpayers and the people of Colombia. The US spent nearly $8 billion on plan Colombia over nearly a ten year period. The US failed to eradicate the coca crop like they had hoped and did very little to slow or stop the drug trade. They destroyed more than they helped and wasted the countries money and resources. The US attempted to implement a police and military solution to a problem they had no involvement in or relation to. These intervention attempts resulted in lots of money spent, lots of lives lost and an harmed environment. Overall, Plan Colombia was an unjust part of a much larger unjust war.

Sources:

Angell, Tom (December 10, 2012). "Does Bill Clinton Support Legalizing Marijuana?". Huffington Post. Retrieved October 28, 2014.

"AllGov - Departments." AllGov - Departments. Web. 15 May 2016.

"Plan Colombia: A Retrospective." Americas Quarterly. Web. 16 May 2016.

Weiser, Benjamin. (September 5, 2012) FARC – Revolutionary Armed forces of Colombia" The New York Times.

Stokes, Doug (2005). America's Other War: Terrorizing Colombia. Zed Books.

Energy Policy Modernization Act

This is the first action project for my Policy class. Unit 1 was titled Legislate and investigated the powers and purpose of the legislative branch of government. The guiding questions for the unit focussed on examining legislative branches at different levels of government as well as how one goes about proposing legislation. This unit was extremely entertaining and informative as I got to dive deep into one of the central parts of our nations government. I am most proud of my ability to connect a genuine interest and passion of mine with the action project.

MS 

GCE Lab School

1535 N. Dayton

Chicago, IL 60642

April 27, 2016

Paul Ryan
1233 Longworth HOB
Washington, D.C. 20515

Dear Mr. Speaker,

The United States’ use of both nuclear and fossil energy have detrimental effects on the global climate. The ways in which we currently power our society don’t align or correspond to the needs of the environment and climate. Our country's unsustainable and inefficient energy policies are contributing to a world that is undergoing severe destruction. Our current policies have failed to create energy production, storage, and distribution systems that work effectively to fulfil society's energy needs while remaining conscientious of the environment and climate. It is time for us to collectively recognize the damage we’ve caused and work towards investing and building a prosperous future for both the environment and society. Speaker Ryan, I am asking for your support as well as advocacy in congress for the Energy Policy Modernization Act of 2016. The country’s current energy policies have negative impacts on the climate, yet efficient and sustainable options are available. Fortunately the Energy Policy Modernization Act of 2016 lays the groundwork for modernizing our country's energy systems. As speaker, your support of the bill will greatly increase its chances of a vote in the House, thus raising its chances of becoming enacted.

Currently, the United States’ primary source of energy is fossil fuels, which account for nearly 70% of all the electricity generated. The burning of fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, and petroleum emits carbon dioxide, which plays an integral role in global warming. Nuclear energy is dirty, dangerous, and expensive. The radioactive waste produced by nuclear reactors is extremely hazardous and can leak radiations which can cause issues for both the air and water systems. Nuclear energy requires uranium which is a scarce resource. Scientists estimate there is less than a 200 year supply of uranium left. There is no place for nuclear energy in a safe, clean, and sustainable future. In addition to laying the framework for minimizing energy productions negative impact on the environment, the bill it also raises conversation of the social and economic risks our nation faces as a result of our current system. The bill would create programs whose main focus would be improving energy systems in order to address the threat of cyber attack on the nation’s electrical grid. The technological era we live in has created the ability for people to do harm on a scale previously unimaginable. A U.S. official was quoted saying, “cyberwarfare can be used to disable the U.S. power grid. U.S. systems aren't any more protected than those breached in Ukraine.”

I’m reaching out to you Mr. Speaker in order to express a very real fear I posses. The way we as a nation are currently operating can not be sustained. Temperatures are rising, forests are being destroyed, and the air and water is becoming increasingly polluted while we continue to just do our thing. It’s our obligation to recognize the current state we’re in and make a conscious decision on how we want to proceed into the future. I am passionate about taking the next step into the future but want to do so in a way that works for everyone and everything. My right as a citizen of this nation to openly advocate and support policy along with my passion to want to continue humanity and and the well being of planet earth has caused me to try and get through to you in order to convey this message. I believe this bill is in everyone's best interest and feel as if it needs to be passed and become a law. A major opposition towards this bill comes as a result of the money involved with the systems and processes being reviewed and revised. The fossil fuel and nuclear industries are ginormous conglomerates that possess large amounts of money as well lobby over congress. They are at the top of the power structure consequently making them the ones most fearful and opposed to a change.

The enactment of this policy will propel us forward on our collective mission towards forming a sustainable and prosperous planet. This is a moral and ethical decision rather than an economic one. Its implementation will mark the beginning of a well awaited response to nature's cries. Our planet has suffered enough and will be unable to sustain us and our lifestyles if we continue to neglect its needs. As a young adult who is apart of this upcoming generation, I want to establish a set of policies that I know will protect our planet. I want planet earth’s longevity to be maximized and will to do everything in my control to minimize humans negative impact. I’m asking you to join the fight for humanity and planet earth. I’m calling upon you Mr. Speaker for your action as an influencer and constituent. Please take into consideration the fragile state we are all in and the direction we’re heading. Our futures can be changed and our planet can be saved. The waiting must stop and action must begin. It is time to take control and reverse our course of action. I would like to conclude by thanking you for your time and thoughts. I hope you can take my words and use them as a source of motivation and drive for the enactment of this bill.

Best,

Max

Sources:

"The Hidden Cost of Fossil Fuels." Union of Concerned Scientists. Web. 28 Apr. 2016.

"Nuclear Energy." Greenpeace USA Nuclear Energy Comments. Web. 28 Apr. 2016.

Davenport, Coral. "Senate Begins Debate on Comprehensive Bipartisan Energy Bill." The New York Times. The New York Times, 2016. Web. 28 Apr. 2016.

"Summaries for the Energy Policy Modernization Act of 2016." GovTrack.us. Web. 28 Apr. 2016.

"U.S. Energy Information Administration - EIA - Independent Statistics and Analysis."What Is U.S. Electricity Generation by Energy Source? Web. 28 Apr. 2016.

"First on CNN: U.S. Investigators Find Proof of Cyberattack on Ukraine Power Grid." CNN. Cable News Network. Web. 28 Apr. 2016.